STANDARD 16_Heredity and Reproduction
SC.912.L.16.16:
- Describe the process of meiosis, including independent assortment and crossing over.
- Explain how reduction division results in the formation of haploid gametes or spores.
Meiosis is a special type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
ii.Sex determination in humans
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4. Chromosomal abnormalities a. Non-Disjunction
- This process occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi.
- Reduction Division
- Production of haploid gametes or spores
- Role in Sexual Reproduction
ii.Sex determination in humans
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4. Chromosomal abnormalities a. Non-Disjunction
Meiosis Highlights
Meiosis I
a. Synapsis and Crossing over (Genetic Recombination) b. Independent assortment c. Separation of homologous chromosomes |
Meiosis II
a. No DNA replication b. Separation of sister chromatids c. Production of 4 haploid cells (gametes), different to each other and the original cell. |
SC.912.L.16.17 Mitosis & Meiosis
- Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
- Relate each of them to the processes of sexual, and asexual reproduction and their consequences for genetic variation
Cell Cycle & Mitosis
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Meiosis & Fertilization
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Videos1. Bozeman Podcast: Cell Division
2. Bozeman Podcast: Mitosis 3. Bozeman Podcast: Cancer 4. Khan Academy |
Practice Questions
Cell Division
- Cell division is a fundamental process
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
- It is necessary to replace worn out cells, and repair tissues in multicellular organisms
- It is required for growth in multicellular organisms
- An increase in size will require an increase in surface area to volume ration
- Cell division subdivides the cytoplasm into small units (cells) surrounded by plasma membranes
- It is necessary for reproduction in unicellular or multicellular organisms
- •Asexual Reproduction
•Sexual Reproduction - In both types of reproduction, offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes.
Compare Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
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Asexual Reproduction
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Examples of Asexual Reproduction in Eukaryotic Organisms
Vegetative Propagation by Runners
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Vegetative Propagation by Leaf
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Vegetative Propagation from Cuttings
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Budding of a hydra
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Propagation by Regeneration
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EOC Sample Question:
Some organisms are capable of reproducing asexually through processes such as budding or parthenogenesis. What is an advantage of asexual production for an organism?
A. It allows organisms to increase population rapidly.
B. It allows haploid cells to unite to produce a zygote.
C. It allows for greater genetic diversity within a species.
D. It allows crossing over to take place during replication.
Some organisms are capable of reproducing asexually through processes such as budding or parthenogenesis. What is an advantage of asexual production for an organism?
A. It allows organisms to increase population rapidly.
B. It allows haploid cells to unite to produce a zygote.
C. It allows for greater genetic diversity within a species.
D. It allows crossing over to take place during replication.
Binary Fission
BINARY FISSION is a type of asexual reproduction in Prokaryotes (bacteria) were the DNA replicates, and the cell splits into two identical cells
The Cell Cycle
- - The cell cycle is a series of chronological events that take place in the eukaryotic cell leading to its division.
- - It is divided into two parts: Interphase and M-phase.
- - The cell spends about 90% of its time in Interphase, as it growths, copies its genetic material and make final preparations before it's time to divide.
- - Interphase includes G1, S (Synthesis of DNA), and G2.
- Uncontrolled cell growth will result in CANCER.
EOC Sample Question:
Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
A. Little happens during the G1 and G2 phases.
B. DNA replicates during cytokinesis.
C. The M phase is usually the longest phase.
D. Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
A. Little happens during the G1 and G2 phases.
B. DNA replicates during cytokinesis.
C. The M phase is usually the longest phase.
D. Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases.
SC.912.L.16.17
- Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis
- Relate mitosis and meiosis to the process of sexual or asexual reproduction and their consequence for genetic variation.
Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Animal cell
- Mitosis is the division of the cell's nucleus, while cytokinesis is the division of the cell's cytoplasm.
Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and is different in animal and plant cells.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes (haploid) of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes -egg in females, and sperm in males, and plant spores.
Click HERE for a tutorial/animation and self quiz on meiosis
Click HERE for a tutorial/animation and self quiz on meiosis
Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis
Key features in meiosis and mitosis
Click here for a tutorial/Animation of the key features of meiosis vs mitosis
Click here for a tutorial/Animation of the key features of meiosis vs mitosis
Mitosis
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Meiosis
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Fertilization restores the number of chromosomes