SC.912.L.16.5 Explain the basic process of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes.
*Also review SC.912.16.9_Universality of Genetic Code
Animations/Tutorials
FLORIDA STUDENTS WEB TUTORIALS
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Assignments
Complete the following activities in the order in which they appear below.
Transcription |
Translation |
What is the Central Dogma of Biology?
The central dogma of molecular biology explains the flow of information from DNA --> to RNA --> to protein. In other words, DNA codes for RNA, which codes for proteins. It contains the instructions for building messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins, which make up the structure of the body and carry out most of its functions.
Types of RNA Molecules
mRNA carries the instructions from DNA in a gene out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, to the ribosomes where the message is going to be used in protein building.
rRNA is as structural component of the ribosomes and assists in proteins synthesis
tRNA carries an amino acids to the ribosomes in one of its ends; and in the other end it has a group of three bases called anticodon, that match (are complementary) with the bases in the mRNA (CODON)
STEP 1: Transcription
Players: DNA, RNA Polymerase, mRNA
Transcription refers to the production or synthesis of a messenger RNA molecule (mRNA) following a DNA template
Transcription refers to the production or synthesis of a messenger RNA molecule (mRNA) following a DNA template
STEP 2: RNA Editing
STEP 3: Translation
Check your Understanding:
Match the terms on the left with the definitions below.
_____ RNA polymerase
_____ gene
_____ translation
_____ messenger RNA
_____ transcription
A) the process of producing RNA by copying part of the DNA sequence
B) an enzyme that separates a DNA strand to create a template for RNA bases
C) DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within a cell
D) also known as protein synthesis
E) RNA that carries the genetic instructions for protein production
Identify the steps of transcription
Complete the following RNA strands with the complementary DNA base.
UACAAGCUGUGA
___________________________________
_____ RNA polymerase
_____ gene
_____ translation
_____ messenger RNA
_____ transcription
A) the process of producing RNA by copying part of the DNA sequence
B) an enzyme that separates a DNA strand to create a template for RNA bases
C) DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within a cell
D) also known as protein synthesis
E) RNA that carries the genetic instructions for protein production
Identify the steps of transcription
- __________________________________
- __________________________________
- __________________________________
- What structure does messenger RNA attach itself to in a cell? ____________________________
- What type of RNA is responsible for moving amino acids to the ribosome? _________________________
- Translation begins at AUG, the ____________________ codon.
Complete the following RNA strands with the complementary DNA base.
UACAAGCUGUGA
___________________________________
- What is a promoter? ____________
- What is a codon?__________
- How many bases are there in a codon?___________
- What is an anticodon?________
- One codon in the mRNA codes for one _________
- so if there are 3 amino acids, there must have been ___ codons!
Practice Multiple Choice Questions
1. Look at the picture above. Which of the following choices correctly names the process shown in Step Y with the respective location in the cell?
A. Translation; nucleus B. Transcription; ribosome
C. Translation; ribosome D. Transcription; nucleus
A. Translation; nucleus B. Transcription; ribosome
C. Translation; ribosome D. Transcription; nucleus
You need to recognize what process is going on both pictures below:
2. Use the above picture. The molecule represented by the line labelled X is
A. DNA. B. tRNA.
C. rRNA. D. mRNA.
3. A section of DNA has the following sequence of nitrogenous bases: CGAT T ACAG. Which of the following sequences would be produced as a result of transcription?
A. CGTUUTCTG B. GCTAATGTC
C. CGAUUACAG D. GCUAAUGUC
4. If the code for an amino acid is AGC on the DNA molecule, the anticodon on the tRNA would be
A.AGC B. TGC
C. UCG D. UGC
5. A tRNA molecule with the anticodon GCU would be carrying the amino acid
A. valine. B. alanine.
C. tyrosine. D. arginine.
6. Determine the sequence of amino acids produced by this DNA sequence: GGAGTTTTC
A. Proline, Valine, Lysine. B. Glycine, Valine, Leucine.
C. Proline, Glutamine, Lysine. D. Glycine,Glutamic acid, Leucine.
7. One of the functions of DNA is to
A. secrete vacuoles. B. carry genetic information out of the nucleus.
C. make copies of itself. D. join amino acids to each other.
A. DNA. B. tRNA.
C. rRNA. D. mRNA.
3. A section of DNA has the following sequence of nitrogenous bases: CGAT T ACAG. Which of the following sequences would be produced as a result of transcription?
A. CGTUUTCTG B. GCTAATGTC
C. CGAUUACAG D. GCUAAUGUC
4. If the code for an amino acid is AGC on the DNA molecule, the anticodon on the tRNA would be
A.AGC B. TGC
C. UCG D. UGC
5. A tRNA molecule with the anticodon GCU would be carrying the amino acid
A. valine. B. alanine.
C. tyrosine. D. arginine.
6. Determine the sequence of amino acids produced by this DNA sequence: GGAGTTTTC
A. Proline, Valine, Lysine. B. Glycine, Valine, Leucine.
C. Proline, Glutamine, Lysine. D. Glycine,Glutamic acid, Leucine.
7. One of the functions of DNA is to
A. secrete vacuoles. B. carry genetic information out of the nucleus.
C. make copies of itself. D. join amino acids to each other.